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1920 Duluth lynchings
The 1920 Duluth lynchings occurred on June 15, 1920, when three African American circus workers were attacked and lynched by a mob in Duluth, Minnesota. Rumors had circulated that six African Americans had raped and robbed a teenage girl. A physician's examination subsequently found no evidence of rape or assault. The killings shocked the country, particularly for their occurrence in the northern United States, although four earlier lynchings had occurred in Minnesota.〔Lynchings, by State and Race, 1882-1968, http://www.chesnuttarchive.org/classroom/lynchings_table_state.html〕 In 2003, the city of Duluth erected a memorial to the murdered men.
==Background==
In September 1918, a Finnish immigrant named Olli Kinkkonen was lynched in Duluth, allegedly for dodging military service during World War I.〔(News.minnesota.publicradio.org )〕 Kinkkonen was found dead, tarred and feathered, and hanging from a tree in Lester Park. Authorities did not pursue murder charges because they claimed that he had committed suicide after the shame of having been tarred and feathered.〔
During and immediately following World War I, a large population of African Americans emigrated from the South to the North and Midwest in search of jobs. The predominantly white Midwest perceived the black migrant laborers as a threat to their employment, as well as to their ability to negotiate pay rates. U.S. Steel, for instance, the most important regional employer, addressed labor concerns by leveraging African-American laborers, migrants from the South.〔(Duluth Lynchings: Presence of the Past ). ''Twin Cities Public Television''.〕
This racial antagonism erupted into race riots across the North and Midwest in 1919; this period of widespread flourishes of violence became known as the Red Summer of 1919. Even after the riots subsided, racial relations between blacks and whites remained strained and volatile.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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